Nmap scan report for router.local (192.168.0.1) ![]() The operating system scan however does require root privileges. This is usually a best guess but can actually be fairly accurate. This is accomplished by utilizing information that nmap is already getting through the TCP SYN port scan. With the -O option nmap will try to guess the targets operating system. Identify the Operating System of a host (requires root) # nmap -O 192.168.0.164 nmap will also perform a DNS reverse lookup on the identified ip’s as this can sometimes be useful information. With this scan nmap will attempt a TCP SYN connection to 1000 of the most common ports as well as an icmp echo request to determine if a host is up. This scan is the default scan for nmap and can take some time to generate. Unlike many nmap commands this particular one does not require root privileges, however when executed by root nmap will also by default send arp requests to the subnet. ![]() nmap will simply return a list of ip’s that responded. This command is commonly refereed to as a “ping scan”, and tells nmap to send an icmp echo request, TCP SYN to port 443, TCP ACK to port 80 and icmp timestamp request to all hosts in the specified subnet. This is one of the simplest uses of nmap. Discover IP’s in a subnet (no root) $ nmap -sP 192.168.0.0/24 While Nmap is commonly used for security audits, many systems and network administrators find it useful for routine tasks such as network inventory, managing service upgrade schedules, and monitoring host or service uptime. ![]() Nmap uses raw IP packets in novel ways to determine what hosts are available on the network, what services (application name and version) those hosts are offering, what operating systems (and OS versions) they are running, what type of packet filters/firewalls are in use, and dozens of other characteristics. It was designed to rapidly scan large networks, although it works fine against single hosts. Nmap (“Network Mapper”) is an open source tool for network exploration and security auditing.
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